What kind of Rodent do I have?

Identify your mole or gopher by location and the type of damage they do. What do they look like and what do they eat?

Mounds: How to tell a mole mound from a gopher mound

Mole Trail

Mole Mounds

Gopher Mound

Moles

Mole mound (or molehill):

Moles make a volcano- or cone-shaped mound. The soil of the mole mound is finer than that of a gopher mound. Moles rarely come out of their tunnels – they poke a hole in the ground and then push the dirt straight up. This is what creates the cone-shaped mound.

Mole tunnels

Moles eat just above the grass root level creating a trap door effect. As bugs and worms move through the loose soil, they fall into the tunnel system. The mole simply circles around the tunnel system and picks up food. Moles like yards that are well aerated because they will tend to have more insects.

Identification

Eyes:	Do not see very well, mostly light/dark, they prefer and live in the dark.
Nose:	Slender, narrow snout.
Ears:	A very small hole in the skin, not visible, hearing is very accurate.
Teeth:	Very small and needle like in shape.
Feet:	Made for moving softer dirt, fore feet are twice the size of the rear feet.
Fur:	Soft and is a Black Velvet Color. It grows perfectly straight up and will lay either direction.
Size:	Average is 6” to 8” in length.
Whiskers:	Very sensitive to vibration and help to guide the mole in it’s travel.

Front feet of moles are designed to move dirt. An average mole can dig up to 60’ per day.

Diet

Moles move dirt in search for food, such as worms, bugs and grub. Moles find their food by senses of touch and smell. A mole’s diet primarily consists of earthworms and other small invertebrates found in the soil and also a variety of nuts. Because their saliva contains a toxin that can paralyze earthworms, moles are able to store their still living prey for later consumption. Moles have a high metabolic rate and must consume massive amounts of worms to fill it. Although it may appear they are eating your plant and grass roots, that is not their mission. They are actually after worms and in the process inadvertently kill grass by separating the roots from the soil leaving it to dry out and die.

Life Cycle

Can have up to 2 litters per year of 6-10 pups each. Moles create a nesting chamber, which is approximately 3 to 7 inches in diameter and is lined with foliage. With a gestation period of approximately 45 days, their young are typically born in March or April. For homeowners, that means within four weeks of being born, moles can quickly be on the way to making your yard look like a zebra. Mole predators include dogs, cats, large fish, raccoons, minks, owls, hawks, foxes, skunks, and more.

Townsend’s Mole

Star Nosed Mole

Shrew Mole

Hairy Tailed Mole

Eastern Mole

Coast Mole

Broad Footed Mole

Gophers

Gophers Mound

Gophers make a horseshoe or heart-shaped mound of scattered dirt. The soil will be in bigger chunks than that of a mole mound.

Gophers Tunnels

Gophers tend to create tunnels in a straight line between a tunnel and good feeding locations, such as a garden or fresh trees or plants. Gophers push dirt out of their tunnel at a 45-degree angle and then turn around and kick it out with their back legs. Tunnels are usually deeper in sandy soils than in clay soils. Gophers seal the openings to the burrow system with earthen plugs. One gopher may create several mounds in a day or as many as 300 mounds per year. Mounds are crescent-shaped and appear at the end of short lateral tunnels.

Identification

Eyes:	Do not see well, but better than moles. Gophers will come out of the ground in search for food and move dirt. Their eyes are used to light.
Ears:	Very small and hearing is good.
Teeth:	Very large, can apply up to 18,000lb per sq. inch. Teeth grow very fast and their lips close behind the teeth.
Fur:	Usually brown in color with a white patch on the chest.
Size:	6” to 13 “ in length.
Whiskers:	Sensitive whiskers help them navigate in the dark.

The gopher has a fur lined pouch outside of the mouth, one on each side of its face. These pockets are used for carrying food.

Diet

Gophers eat vegetation, such as plants, vegetables, and roots of trees. Gophers are herbivores. They feed on a wide variety of vegetation, including plants, shrubs, and trees. Most commonly they feed on roots and fleshy portions of plants they encounter while digging. Although sometimes seen feeding near an open burrow. Gophers can rapidly destroy yards and gardens feeding on many garden staples; plants, vines, shrubs, and trees. One gopher can cause major damage to a lawn and garden in a very short time. Gophers may also damage plastic water lines and other underground installations. Abandoned tunnels often divert water and this leads to soil erosion.

Life Cycle

They will come out of their tunnels at dusk or dawn in search for food, but will primarily stay underground. Gophers are widespread throughout much of the South, Midwest and Western United States. They are born diggers and create elaborate tunnel systems. Like moles, gophers have powerful forequarters with large front paws. Oftentimes they are mistaken for chipmunks or woodchucks. Gophers live in a burrow system that can exceed 2,500 square feet. Their fine fur allows them to move easily through any type of soil. Gophers reach sexual maturity at 1 year and can live up to 3 years. Breeding usually occurs in late winter and early spring. They can produce up to 3 litters with 5-6 young per litter. Gopher predators include snakes, owls, coyotes, weasels, badgers, bobcats and even herons

Yellow Faced Pocket Gopher